How Do Stem Cells Work?
Understanding the fascinating process of how stem cells repair and regenerate your body.
The Basics
Stem cells are your body's raw materials — cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are created. Under the right conditions in the body or a laboratory, stem cells divide to form more cells called daughter cells. These daughter cells either become new stem cells (self-renewal) or become specialized cells (differentiation) with a more specific function.
The Process
When an injury or illness occurs, stem cells receive signals from the damaged area. They travel to where they're needed and transform into the type of cell required for repair. For example, if you break a bone, stem cells can become new bone cells. If you cut your skin, they can become new skin cells.
Regeneration
Stem cells are unique because they can regenerate themselves through cell division, even after long periods of inactivity. They can also be induced to become tissue or organ-specific cells with special functions. No other cell in the body has the natural ability to generate new cell types.
Medical Applications
In medical treatments, stem cells are used in various ways. They can be guided into becoming specific cells that can be used to regenerate and repair diseased or damaged tissues. For example, people who have type 1 diabetes, spinal cord injuries, Parkinson's disease, or heart disease might benefit from stem cell treatments.
